Asbestos
From "Indoor
Air Pollution."
Co-sponsored by: The American
Lung Association (ALA), The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), and
The American Medical Association (AMA)
Once widely used in
structural fireproofing, asbestos may be found predominantly in heating
systems and acoustic insulation, in floor and ceiling tiles, and in
shingles in many older houses. It was formerly used in such consumer
products as fireplace gloves, ironing board covers, and certain hair
dryers.
When asbestos-containing
material is damaged or disintegrates with age, microscopic fibers may be
dispersed into the air. Over as long as twenty, thirty, or more years, the
presence of these fibers within the lungs may result in asbestosis
(asbestos-caused fibrosis of the lung, seen as a result of heavy
occupational exposure), lung cancer and pleural or peritoneal
cancer, or mesothelioma. For lung cancer, the effect of
tobacco smoking in combination with asbestos exposure appears to be
synergistic by approximately fivefold. Occupational exposure
may also be associated with increased risk of gastrointestinal
malignancies. Attention should be focused on those populations with
continual exposure and documented health effects, e.g. maintenance
workers.
Products and materials
containing asbestos are not necessarily so labeled. Construction
professionals or state or local environmental agencies may inspect and
analyze suspect materials. Manufacturers of particular products may also
be able to supply information.
The risk of disease
depends on exposure to airborne asbestos fibers. Average levels in
buildings are low, and the risk to building occupants is therefore low.
Removal of asbestos is not
always the best choice to reduce exposure. The EPA requires asbestos
removal only in order to prevent significant public exposure and generally
recommends an in-place management program when asbestos has been
discovered and is in good condition.
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